Promising results have been found on out-of-facility individual models. Out-of-facility individual models vary according to where in the community the services are provided, as well as what services are delivered and by whom. They can be divided into three categories: fixed community points, mobile outreach ART delivery, and home delivery.
Fixed community points
Okoboi S, Ding E, Persuad S, Wangisi J, Birungi J, Shurgold S, Kato D, Nyonyintono M, Egessa A, Bakanda C, Munderi P. Community-based ART distribution system can effectively facilitate long-term program retention and low-rates of death and virologic failure in rural Uganda. AIDS research and therapy. 2015 Nov 12;12(1):1.
Mpima D, Birungi J, Makabayi R, Kanters S, Luzze C. Community Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) delivery models for high patient retention and sustaining good adherence: The AIDS Support Organisation (TASO) operational reseach findings, CDC/PEPFAR funded project in Uganda. 7th IAS Conference on HIV pathogenesis, treatment and Prevention, Kuala Lumpur, 30 June-3 July 2013.
Bemelmans M, Baert S, Goemaere E, Wilkinson L, Vandendyck M, Cutsem G, et al. Community‐supported models of care for people on HIV treatment in sub‐Saharan Africa. Tropical Medicine & International Health. 2014;19(8):968-77.
Vu L, Waliggo S, Zieman B, Jani N, Buzaalirwa L, Okoboi S, et al. Annual cost of antiretroviral therapy among three service delivery models in Uganda. Journal of the International AIDS Society. 2016;19(5Suppl 4)
Vogt F, Kalenga L, Lukela J, Salumu F, Diallo I, Nico E, et al. Decentralizing ART supply for stable HIV patients to community-based distribution centres: Programme outcomes from an urban context in Kinshasa, DRC. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 2016
K. Musinguzi Rugamba, P. Gonza K., C. Senyimba, B. Mukasa. The role of community drug distribution point of care model on retention of HIV-positive individuals from a pastoral community in Kigaju, Kalungu district 9th International AIDS Society Conference on HIV Science, Paris, 22-27 July 2017.
Wyatt MA, Pisarski EE, Krows ML, Turyamureeba B, Asiimwe S, Celum CL, et al. Community-based ART Initiation, delivery and monitoring in rural Southwest Uganda: participant experiences of a differentiated model of HIV care delivery 9th International AIDS Society Conference on HIV Science, Paris, 22-27 July 2017.
Mobile outreach ART delivery
Pasipamire L, Kerschberger B, I. Zabsonre I, Ndlovu S, Sibanda G, Mamba S, et al. Implementation of combination ART refills models in rural Swaziland. International AIDS Conference, Durban, 18-22 July 2016.
Matambo T, Hildebrand K, C M, Wilkinson L, Van Cutsem G, Bauernfeind A, et al. Targeted adherence strategies for provision of cross border antiretroviral therapy (ART) to migrant farm workers in Musina, South Africa. 19th International AIDS Conference, Washington, 22-27 July 2012.
Home delivery
Jaffar S, Amuron B, Foster S, Birungi J, Levin J, Namara G, et al. Rates of virological failure in patients treated in a home-based versus a facility-based HIV-care model in Jinja, southeast Uganda: a cluster-randomised equivalence trial. The Lancet. 2010;374(9707):2080.
Selke HM, Kimaiyo S, Sidle JE, Vedanthan R, Tierney WM, Shen C, et al. Task-shifting of antiretroviral delivery from health care workers to persons living with HIV/AIDS: clinical outcomes of a community-based program in Kenya. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 2010;55(4):483-90.
